Journal of Plant Process and Function

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This research was carried out at the experimental farm of the Darab Agricultural and Natural Resources College of Shiraz University during 2017-2018 growing season. A split factorial experiment was layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Treatments included two irrigation levels as the main plots [1. Normal (IR_N): irrigation based on the plant's water requirement up to the physiological maturity and 2. Irrigation with water stress (IR_ws): irrigation based on the plant's water requirement up to the anthesis stage (cutting of irrigation after anthesis)]. Also, sub plots were two levels of plant residues [1. without residue, 2. with residue: returning 30% of wheat residues to soil] and four nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources [N₀, no nitrogen fertilizer (control); N₁₀₀, 100 kg N ha^-1; Bio + N₅₀, Biofertilizer (Azospirillum brasilense) + 50 kg N ha^-1 and Bio, Biofertilizer (Azospirillum brasilense)]. Results showed that the interaction effect of residue × N fertilizer source on chlorophyll_a, carotenoid, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes traits was significant. The N₁₀₀ and Bio + N₅₀ treatments significantly increased these traits compared to N₀ in without residue conditions. In contrast, in the presence of residue, there was a similar trend to without residue conditions, however, the reaction of these traits to N₁₀₀ and Bio + N₅₀ supply were much more severe. The interaction of irrigation regime × N fertilizer source on catalase and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes showed that the N fertilizer application increased the amount of these enzymes, regardless of the N source, in IR_N conditions. Similarly, in IR_ws conditions, the catalase and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes levels improved by N fertilizer supply as compared with N₀, however, the intensity of their reactions to N application, especially, N₁₀₀ and Bio + N₅₀ were much more than the normal moisture conditions. The highest grain yield was achieved by Bio + N₅₀ under IR_N and IR_ws conditions. In general, with respect to superiority of combine N fertilizer (Bio + N₅₀) in biochemical and grain yield traits in normal and water stress conditions and economic and environmental considerations as well, this N fertilizer regime is recommended for water availability restriction conditions in Southern regions of Iran.

Keywords: Azospirillum, Catalase, Carotenoid, Chlorophyll, Guaiacol Peroxidase

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