Iranian Society of Plant Physiology
Journal of Plant Process and Function
2322-2727
3
10
2015
3
1
Comparison of in vitro seeds and shoot tips colchicine treatment methods on of Thymus daenensisCelak via the study of morphological features of stomata and cellular DNA content
1
8
FA
Farzaneh
Aslani
Francoise
Bernard
Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran.
Fatemeh
Mirzajani
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Renewable Energies & New Technologies Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Javad
Hadian
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Medicinal Plant and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Colchicine treatment for the inductive polyploidy on different parts of the plant can affect the results. The aim of present study was to compare the influence of colchicine treatment on seeds and shoot tips of thymus daenensisplants. Examination of stomatals morphological features and analyze of cellular DNA content by spectrophotometry is an indirect ways but faster and cheaper to determine ploidy level in plants. To achieve this objective, seeds and shoot tips were treated in diffrentcolchicine concentration levels including (0.0%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.08%, 0.1% w/v)for 24 and 48 hours and the survival rate of seeds and shoot tips were estimated. The effect of colchicine was measured by the number of chloroplasts in stomatal guard cells, the density of stomata on the leaf surface and cellular DNA content. Significant decline was seen in both treatment in comparison to the control group but survival rate was significantly higher in shoot tips treatment than seeds. In seed treatment, frequency of chloroplasts and total DNA content varied significantly in 0.08% colchicine application for 24 hours and significant decrease were found in stomatal density at this concentration. Similar result was seen in shoot tip treatment at the concentration of 0.03% and 0.1% for 48 and 24 hours but only significant change was seen in frequency of chloroplasts. In conclusion, plant,s section that use for colchicine treatment can affect the results, and despite of reduction of seedssurvival rate under colchicine treatment, seeds treatmentat the level of 0.08% (w/v) for 24 hours in comparison to the shoot tips treatment is a better way to induce polyploidy.
Iranian Society of Plant Physiology
Journal of Plant Process and Function
2322-2727
3
10
2015
3
1
Evaluation of salinity tolerance in some almond genotypes grafted on GF677 rootstock base on morphological characteristic and chlorophyll fluorescence
9
28
FA
Ali
Momenpour
University of Guilan
Ali
Imani
Seeds and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj.
Davod
Bakhshi
University of Guilan
Hamed
Rezaei
Soil and Water Institute, Karaj.
In order to evaluate the tolerance of some almond genotypes to salinity a pot experiment was carried out with 3 factors cultivar in 11 levels including Touno, Nonparaeil, Mamaie, Shokofeh, Sahand, Fragness, 1- 16, 1-25, A200,13-40 and GF677 and salinity in five levels including 0, 1.2, 2.4, 3.6 and 4.8 g/l of sodium chloride with electrical conductivity 0.5, 2.5, 4.9, 7.3 and 9.8 ds/m, respectively during 30, 60 and 90 days in 2013. The results showed that salinity stress affected the young trees through increasing the amount of minimum fluorescence (FO) and decreasing the maximum fluorescence (Fm) and reducing variable fluorescence (Fv) as well as the ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence from 0.83 in the control plants to 0.72 in the upper leaves and 0.70 in the bottom leaves of Sahand and GF677. The result of morphological characteristics showed that GF677 was tolerated to water salinity up to 4.9 ds/m however, higher range of salinity had negative impact on the above factors. Also, the results revealed that salinity stress duration is a key factor causeing several visible damages. Overall, according to morphological characteristics and leaves visual damages and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, Feragness and Sahand cultivars were the most tolerant and sensitive genotypes to salinity stress, respectively.
Iranian Society of Plant Physiology
Journal of Plant Process and Function
2322-2727
3
10
2015
3
1
An investigation on optimization of germination and ephedrine level in Ephedra major
29
38
FA
Morteza
Mofid Bojnoordi
Golestan University
Mahnaz
Aghdasi
Golestan University
Manijeh
Mianabadi
Golestan University
Mohabat
Nadaf
Payame noor Universit- Bojnoord Branch
Ephedra is a dioecious shrub belongs to the Ephedraceae family. Almost all commercial applications of Ephedra extracts is derived from the ephedrine alkaloids found in the evergreen stems. The purpose of this study was to investigate seed germination in green house condition and total alkaloid and ephedrine amounts measurement. The Ephedra seeds were collected from Bojnoord region and germinated on the wet paper and MS medium under control and cold treatment conditions. The results revealed that cold treatment did not show any significant effect on seed germination. To determine optimum condition for Ephedra seed germination, another experiment was performed in complete randomized design with 6 different medium culture (forest soil, Bojnoord soil, a mixture of forest and Bojnoord soil, coco peat, compost and sand) and 4 replicates. The obtained results showed that the maximum (90%) and minimum (8%) percent of seed germination was observed on forest soil and compost medium, respectively. Meanwhile the highest dry and fresh weight of shoot and root was obtained in plantlets that were grown on forest soil. On other hands, total alkaloid level in the stem organ plants that were grown on forest soil was 1/04 mg/g dry weight, but in root organ it was 0/04 mg/g dry weight. Data from HPLC analysis revealed that while root is depleted of ephedrine, the ephedrine amount in stem organ is 0.04 mg/g dry weight.
Iranian Society of Plant Physiology
Journal of Plant Process and Function
2322-2727
3
10
2015
3
1
Analysis of gene expression and enzymatic activity of ascorbate peroxidase in aleurone layers treated with gibberellic acid, abscisic acid and salicylic acid hormones
39
46
FA
Nasim
Talaei
Isfahan University of Technology
Azar
Shahpiri
Isfahan University of Technology
Aleurone layer which is a thin layer in cereal seeds plays a key role in seed germination. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone layer can be separated from the other seed tissues and maintained in culture medium, allowing the researchers to study different plant signals at molecular level. In the present study the expression of genes encoding ascorbate peroxidase (Apx), Apx1 and Apx2, was analyzed in aleurone layer treated with GA, ABA and salicylic acid incubated in different time points 6, 12, 18, 24, 48 and 72 hours. In addition the soluble protein was extracted from aleurone layers treated with these hormones and the activity of Apx was studied. The results show that the expression of genes Apx1 and Apx2 were not affected by hormones. However the Apx activity in aleurone layer treated with GA between 24-72 hours were decreased which was completely diffenet with aleurone layer incubated with other hormoned or medium without hormone.
Iranian Society of Plant Physiology
Journal of Plant Process and Function
2322-2727
3
10
2015
3
1
Interaction of methyl jasmonate and sodium selenate on certain physiological parameters in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill
47
58
FA
Ramazam Ali
Khavari-Nejad
Kharazmi University
Farzaneh
Najafi
Kharazmi University
Ekhlas
Rahimi
Kharazmi University
Selenium is an essential element in some organisms, but high concentrations can leading to toxicity in plant. Methyl jasmonate hormone plays an important role in defence processes. In this research, the effect of Methyl jasmonate (Me JA) and sodium selenate (Na2SeO4 ) on growth, content of pigments, phenol, anthocyanin and proline in tomato plants were studied. The seeds to germinate in petri dishes were sterilized. After germination, the seedlings were transferred to pots containing moist sand. The plants with second leaves were treated with of 0, 30 and 60 µM Na2SeO4 and 0, 50 and 100 µM Me JA. After 20 days, plants were harvested and certain assays carried out. The plants were treated with Me JA and Na2SeO4 grew significantly compared with other treatments.
In all of treatments chlorophyll a and b contents decreased, however, carotenoid contents in 60 µM Na2SeO4 increased. With addition of MeJA to culture solutions containing sodium selenate, the plants showed increase in amount of phenol and anthocyanin in comparison with plants treated with sodium selenate. MeJA had no significant effect on proline content, but sodium selenate with and without MeJA increased proline content. The results showed that interaction of Me JA and Na2SeO4 reduced the harmful effects of sodium selenate.
Iranian Society of Plant Physiology
Journal of Plant Process and Function
2322-2727
3
10
2015
3
1
Effect of low temperature and ethylene inhibitors on antioxidant activities and ethylene production of mini carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)
59
68
FA
mahnaz
karimi
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
Senescence is a factor limiting the marketing of most flowers and considerable effort has been applied using various treatments to increase longevity of flowers. Accordingly, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two miniature carnation cultivars (Aragon and Erueka), two temperatures (2 and 4 ° C), 13 treatments (control treatment and various concentrations of amino-oxyacetic acid, benzyladenine and 1-methylcyclopropene) to investigate the role of low temperature and ethylene inhibitor treatments on vase life, ethylene production levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were implemented. The cut flowers were pulsed with amino-oxyacetic acid, benzyladenine and 1-methylcyclopropene then storage in 2°C and 4°C temperature. After 10 days of dry storage the cut flowers were inset into distilled water. According to mean comparisons the vase life of cut spray carnation in both investigated temperatures (2°C and 4°C) was 15 and 11.50 days, respectively. Among both temperatures the highest vase life was related to 6 hours of 0.72 µl L-1 1-MCP treatment. Generally, low temperature showed the significant effects on ethylene production. As, the mean ethylene productions in studied temperatures (2°C and 4°C) were 2.35 and 4.11 nl g-1 FW h-1. The maximum antioxidant activity was observed in 4°C. A significant increase in Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Peroxidase enzyme activities was observed in the treatment with 1-MCP
Iranian Society of Plant Physiology
Journal of Plant Process and Function
2322-2727
3
10
2015
3
1
Assessment of change in function of various genes on plant responses to ethylene (C4H4) in vitro condition in Arabidopsis thaliana
69
82
FA
Hamideh
Taheri
Guilan University
Reza
Shirzadian-Khorramabad
Guilan University
Ali
Alami
Guilan University
Habibolah
Samizadeh
Guilan University
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Ethylene (C2H4), although
is a simple molecule, play several important roles in plant growth and
development. Triple response approach is a great possibility for evaluation of
ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this
research, by using the various mutant plants, we investigate function of
several key genes including EIN2, EDR1, JAR1, PAD4
and NahG on plant responses to ethylene. The Arabidopsis
seedlings that had some defection in ethylene biosynthesis, perception or
signaling may explicate some changes in triple response. Therefore, several
mutants including ein2،
jar1، NahG، pad4 ،edr1 and their wild type plant, Col-0, have been
employed. The seeds have been grown on MS medium consisting of several
concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10 and 20 mM)
of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid). The triple response
assay performed on seedlings after incubation for 5 days in darkness. According to the obtained results, non of
the mutants fall into eto (Ethylene over expression) and his (Less hook)
groups. Most of mutant plantlets displayed a significant difference with the
wild type, Col-0, and only pad4
showed the same response as the parental genotype, meaning that ethylene
biosynthesis and signaling in pad4 seedlings is probably the same as the
wild type. Therefore, mutation in key
genes involving in various hormone biosynthesis can induce a different response
to ethylene in plants. The triple response approach could be very useful manner
to predict the responses of plants in mature stage.
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Iranian Society of Plant Physiology
Journal of Plant Process and Function
2322-2727
3
10
2015
3
1
Deficit irrigation effects on growth, seed quantity and quality of castor bean under salicylic acid and sprmine treatments
83
92
FA
Mahmoud Reza
Tadayon
Shahrekord University
Zahra
Izadi
Shahrekord University
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of irrigation levels, based on fraction of the class A Pan evaporation 0.8, 1.00 and 1.20% of ECA and spraying of different amount of salicylic acid (250and 500 Mm) and sprmine (10 Mm And 1 mm) on grain yield and seed quality characteristics of castor bean in during 2012 seasons. The experiment was split plot as randomized completed block design with three replications. Drought stress significantly increased proline concentration and decreased grain yield and seed oil percent but had no effect on seed protein percentage. Salicylic acid and spermine treatments showed signification effects an all above traits. The highest proline concentration, seed protein percentage was obtained from 500 Mm salicylic acid and the highest grain yield was achieved from 250 Mm salicylic acid. The highest shoot dry matter was obtained 80 days after planting and crop growth rate and relative growth rate decreased with increasing water stress intensity. The grain yield and seed quality traits of castor bean were significantly higher under salicylic acid that sprmine treatments. It can be concluded that in castor bean production under drought stress, grain yield and seed quality could be improved by application of salicylic acid and sprmine.
Iranian Society of Plant Physiology
Journal of Plant Process and Function
2322-2727
3
10
2015
3
1
Effect of hormones, salicylic acid, chitosan on phenolic compounds in Artemisia aucheri in vitro
93
100
FA
gholam reza
asghari
rasol
Ghasemi
mehdi
yosefi
negin
mehdinezhad
Artemisia aucheri is a valuable pharmaceutical plant that has many kinds of compounds such as monoterpenoids and phenolics. In vitro culture and callus culture of A. aucheri was established using the sterile plant seeds on MS media. The plant and callus were treated with plant hormones including 2,4-D and Kinetin and also salicylic acid and chitosan as stimulators. The presence of total phenolic compounds, tannins , condensed tannins , and flavonoids were determined by spectrophotometry methods. The total phenolic compounds , tannins , condensed tannins , and non-tannin phenolic compounds were increased on chitosan treatment and the concentration of flavonoids were increased by salicylic acid. The influence of hormonal treatment and elicitors in explants and callus of A. aucheri seems to relate on type and concentration of plant regulators and kind of plant culture.
Iranian Society of Plant Physiology
Journal of Plant Process and Function
2322-2727
3
10
2015
3
1
Study the effects of Se and Cd on some parameters morphological and physiological in cultivars of wheat plant
101
114
FA
Fatemeh
Daryaei
batool
keramat
mohammad j.
arvin
Cadmium as an environmental pollutant heavy metals have effect on morphological and physiological activities in plants. Selenium, an essential element had beneficial effects on enhanced tolerance in plants against environmental stresses. In the investigation, from Cadmium chloride concentrations 0, 350, 700 µM supplied with added to soil and Sodium selenat 0, 1.5, 3 mg L-1 as a foliar application in two wheat cultivar (Kavir, Roshan) has been used. The test was done in December of 2014 in green house of biology department of Shahid bahonar university of Kerman. The tests were carried on in the form of completely randomed design with three replications in each treatment in two developmental stages, vegetative growth stage or stem elongation and flowering stage. Results showed that cadmium stress decreased content of photosynthetic pigment and increased indicator of EC and too decreased fresh and dry weight of shoots, stem and shoots length, spike length, spike weight, number and weight of seed. Treatments of selenium in 3 mg L-1 concentration decreased indicator of EC and increased content of chlorophyll a amount 35 percent in Kavir cultivar and content of chlorophyll a in Roshan cultivar amount 17 per in comparison with control and too this concentration of Se, promoted all parameters in spike in stress and non stress conditions. Results of weighting elements of Se and Cd, showed that under concentration of 700 µM Cd and concentration of 3 mg L-1 Se, Kavir cultivar in comparison with Roshan cultivar have been could accumulated of Se amount 42 percent inter of seed. Our results it could be concluded that the application of Selenium caused significant alleviation of Cadmium damaged to wheat plants.
Iranian Society of Plant Physiology
Journal of Plant Process and Function
2322-2727
3
10
2015
3
1
Evaluation of some physiological and morphological responses of four Iranian grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars to drought stress under in vitro conditions
115
126
FA
Hamidreza
Mehri
Cyrus
Ghobadi
Bahram
Baninasab
Parviz
Ehsanzadeh
mahdiyeh
Gholami
Water stress is one of the most important abiotic limiting factors that restricts growth, development and productivity of horticulrural crops. In vitro methods have been successfully used for evaluating water deficit stress in plants. In this regards, responses of four Iranian grapevine genotypes to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 at -5, -5.24, -5.65, -6.24 and -7 bar were studied in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Results indicated that drought stress reduced shoot fresh weight, leaf area, shoot length and leaf relative water content. Water deficit stress also caused significant increase in proline and malondialdehyde content, and activity of catalase antioxidant enzyme,. It seems that among studied genotypes , ‘Shahani’ with a greater capability to produce proline and antioxidant enzymes was more tolerant to drought stress and ‘Keshmeshi Ghermez Ghazvin’ and ‘Yaghuti Sefid’ genotypes were more susceptible and eventually ‘Asgari’genotype performed semi tolerance to water deficit stress.
Iranian Society of Plant Physiology
Journal of Plant Process and Function
2322-2727
3
10
2015
3
1
Effect of Glomus intraradices fungus on growth, nutrients elements and Nickel uptake in tall fescue under Nickel stress
127
142
FA
Massomeh
Rafiei-Demneh
Leila
Shabani
Fungus-plant associations are of the most important mutually beneficial relationships in the ecosystem which positive effects on growth, physiology and ecology of different plants have been already demonstrated. Biological methods such as employing symbiotic (arbuscular mycorrhizal) fungi to roots of plants are considered as potential effective ways of reducing the stressful effects of soil contaminating heavy metals. This study was aimed to assess the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices as a symbiotic microorganisms on chlorophyll and carotenoid content of the shoot, soluble carbohydrate level of the root and the uptake of nutrients (copper, zinc, iron, manganese and phosphorus) in root and shoot of Festuca plants under nickel stress as well as evaluating levels of nickel accumulation in root and shoot, and growth indices including root and shoot dry weight, and the root to shoot ratio. Festuca plants in both infected (M+) and non-infected (M-) forms were cultured under four concentrations of nickel (control, 30, 90 and 180 mg per kg), in sterile soil, for three months. Results showed that the presence of G. intraradices fungus, caused an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid content, soluble carbohydrate and copper, iron, manganese and phosphorus levels of the root and shoot in M+ Festuca plants compared to the M- plants under nickel stress. However it did not show a positive effect on the zinc levels of the root and shoot. The presence of fungus caused a significant reduce in nickel levels of M+ Festuca plants compared to the M- Festuca plants, and was followed with an increase in root and shoot dry weight, and root to shoot dry weight ratio. It caused an enhancement in the resistance of plants to heavy metal of nickel stress.
Iranian Society of Plant Physiology
Journal of Plant Process and Function
2322-2727
3
10
2015
3
1
Effects of drougth stress on the essential oil content and composition of Dill (Anethum graveolens L)
143
150
FA
Hamzeh
Amiri
Loresran University
Hojatallah
Emami
Islamic Azad University, Branch of Broujerd
Fatemeh
Abdollahi
Loresran University
Anethum graveolens L. is a mediterranean plant which its essential oil have been used in medicine, food and costemic industeries. In this study the effects of water stress on quantity and quality of essential oil were investigated. The five drougth treatment inclded 0 (control), 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% field capaciry were used. The results showed that the most content (0.50% w/v) of essential oil were obtained from 40% feild capacity treatment. Analysis of essential oils showed that alpha-phellandrene as the main component of the oils have not regular cganges during drougth sress as the its maximum and minimum amounts of were observed in 80% field capacity and control treatments respectively. Also dillether was decreased during drougth stress while beta-phellandrene was incresed.