fa اثر کودهای مختلف بر عملکرد گل آهار (Zinnia elegans J.) در شرایط رقابت و عدم رقابت علف‌های‌هرز باغبانی Horticulture پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">یکی از موانع اصلی تولید در نظام&shy;های زراعی، علف&shy;های&shy;هرز هستند. نوع</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">منبع</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تغذیه&shy;ای</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و کود علاوه</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بر</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">این</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">که</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">رشد</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گیاهان زراعی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">را</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تحت</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تأثیر</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">قرار می&shy;دهد؛</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">می&shy;تواند بر تراکم</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">علف&shy;های&shy;هرز</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مؤثر باشد. به&shy;منظور بررسی </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">اثر منابع کودی مختلف </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بر </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">عملکرد </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گل آهار</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">،</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت&shy;پلات در قالب طرح بلوک کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در استان خراسان رضوی (خلیل&shy;آباد) </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در سال 1402</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> انجام شد. </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دو سطح حضور و عدم حضور علف&shy;هرز به عنوان عامل اصلی و تیمار کود به عنوان عامل فرعی در چهار سطح شاهد، کود شیمیایی </span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" romans="" style="font-family:" time=""><span style="color:black">NPK</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، ورمی&shy;کمپوست و کود دامی (گاوی) بودند.</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتایج نشان داد که کلیه صفات مورد بررسی گل آهار در حضور علف&shy;های&shy;هرز کاهش معنی&shy;داری دارند. در حضور علف&shy;های هرز تعداد گل در تیمار کود دامی بیشترین مقدار (71/11) را داشت. مصرف هر سه منبع کود باعث افزایش معنی&shy;دار تراکم و وزن خشک علف&shy;های هرز شدند. در تیمار با کود شیمیایی بیشترین تراکم با 23/30 بوته در مترمربع و وزن خشک با 10/99 گرم در مترمربع، مشاهده شد. کمترین شاخص</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">رقابت (79/0) را تیمار</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">کود شیمیایی دارا بود که</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">این</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">امر</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">را</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نیز</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">می&shy;توان</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بالاتر بودن زیست&shy;توده علف&shy;های هرز</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">این</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تیمار</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نسبت</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">داد. </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بالاترین شاخص رقابت (37/1) متعلق به کود دامی بود که با سایر تیمارها اختلاف معنی&shy;داری داشت</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">. بنابراین در شرایط آلودگی مزرعه به علف&shy;های هرز کاربرد کود دامی توصیه می&shy;شود</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" romans="" style="font-family:" time=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt">Weeds are one of the main obstacles to production in agricultural systems. The type of nutrient source and fertilizer can affect the density and flora of weeds, in addition to affecting the growth of agricultural plants. In order to investigate the effect of fertilizer sources on the zinia flower, a split-plot experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications on a private farm in Razavi Khorasan province (Khalilabad) in 2023. The investigated factors include two levels of weed presence and absence as the main factor in two levels (presence and absence (hand weeding)) and fertilizer treatment as a secondary factor in four levels (control (no use of fertilizer), fertilizer NPK chemical (according to soil test), vermicompost (5 tons per hectare), and animal manure (cattle manure) (10 tons per hectare). The results showed that all investigated traits of the Ahar flower showed a significant decrease in the presence of weeds. In the presence of weeds, the number of flowers in the cattle manure treatment was the highest (11.71). The consumption of all three sources of fertilizer caused a significant increase in density and dry weight of weeds, but the highest density and dry weight were observed (23.30 plants/m² and 10.99 g/m², respectively) in the treatment with chemical fertilizer. The chemical fertilizer treatment had the lowest competition index (0.79), which can be attributed to the higher weed biomass in this treatment. The highest competition index (1.37) belonged to cattle manure, which had a significant difference from other treatments. Therefore, it is recommended to use cattle manure in the field of weed infestation.</span></span></span> تعداد گل, رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی, زیست‌توده علف‌هرز, شاخص رقابت Competition index, Number of flowers, Photosynthetic pigments, Weed biomass 65 76 http://jispp.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1292-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Alhasanayn Jasim Hasan Alnsrawi الحسنین جاسم حسن النصراوی alnasraoy@gmail.com No Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Marjan Diyanat مرجان دیانت . Ma_dyanat@yahoo.com Yes Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Marzieh Ghanbarijahromi مرضیه قنبری جهرمی ghanbari460@gmail.com No Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران