Plant Process and Function

en Evaluation of the changes of chlorophyll a fluorescence factors in the symbiosis of rosemary plants with mycorrhiza under traffic Evaluation of the changes of chlorophyll a fluorescence factors in the symbiosis of rosemary plants with mycorrhiza under traffic تنش فلزات سنگین Toxic ions stress پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: left;"><a name="_Hlk149127637">The phenomenon of pollution emerges as an outcome of progress in industrialization and urban development. A substantial number of heavy metals, which possess the potential to impact both human well-being and the ecological surroundings, are found in traffic dust. Consequently, the discharge of heavy metals from automobiles emerges as a principal contributor to the contamination of metal substances in urban settings, owing to the heightened traffic volume. The presence of heavy metals can adversely influence photosystem reactions, disrupt the normal course of photosynthetic reactions, and ultimately lead to a decline in plant performance.</a> Moreover, the establishment of mutualistic associations between mycorrhizal fungi and plants has the potential to further diminish pollution by inducing alterations and regulation of plant physiological mechanisms. This study was done to evaluate the effects of Mycorrhiza symbiosis on chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements in the Rosemary plant grown in high-traffic area of Shiraz city, Fars Province, Iran. The study was performed as a factororial and in the form of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicas and three factors. The first factor included Mycorrhiza symbiosis (control and inoculation); the second factor was traffic (control, 120, 300, 600, 950, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000, 3600 and 4200 vehicles/h); and the third factor was covering the pot’s soil (control and cover). At the end of the experiment, some properties were studied such as by using the OJIP-test, various parameters like Area, Fo/Fm, Fv/Fm, N, Sm/t (Fm), ψo Po, ψo Eo, and ψo Po/ (1- ψo Po). <a name="_Hlk149127811">The results showed that inoculation led to increasing of </a>Area, Fv/Fm, N, ψo Po, ψo Eo, and ψo Po/(1- ψo Po) with 57, 1, 7, 2, 25 and 33% by compare to control, respectively. According to the results, it was found that the effects of inoculation, traffic and cover factors were significant at the 1% statistical level on the studied traits. Based on the results of this experiment, it was found that plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi had a higher efficiency of the biochemical reaction of electron transfer compared to the control. Rosemary plants were located in the traffic paths of 0 and 120 <a name="_Hlk148975036">vehicles/h and had a</a> higher efficiency of the biochemical reaction of electron transfer. Plants that were in the path of 3000, 3600, and 4200 vehicles/h were significantly different in terms of the efficiency of the biochemical reaction of electron transfer with the control treatment (without traffic).</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><a name="_Hlk149127637">The phenomenon of pollution emerges as an outcome of progress in industrialization and urban development. A substantial number of heavy metals, which possess the potential to impact both human well-being and the ecological surroundings, are found in traffic dust. Consequently, the discharge of heavy metals from automobiles emerges as a principal contributor to the contamination of metal substances in urban settings, owing to the heightened traffic volume. The presence of heavy metals can adversely influence photosystem reactions, disrupt the normal course of photosynthetic reactions, and ultimately lead to a decline in plant performance.</a> Moreover, the establishment of mutualistic associations between mycorrhizal fungi and plants has the potential to further diminish pollution by inducing alterations and regulation of plant physiological mechanisms. This study was done to evaluate the effects of Mycorrhiza symbiosis on chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements in the Rosemary plant grown in high-traffic area of Shiraz city, Fars Province, Iran. The study was performed as a factororial and in the form of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicas and three factors. The first factor included Mycorrhiza symbiosis (control and inoculation); the second factor was traffic (control, 120, 300, 600, 950, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000, 3600 and 4200 vehicles/h); and the third factor was covering the pot’s soil (control and cover). At the end of the experiment, some properties were studied such as by using the OJIP-test, various parameters like Area, Fo/Fm, Fv/Fm, N, Sm/t (Fm), ψo Po, ψo Eo, and ψo Po/ (1- ψo Po). <a name="_Hlk149127811">The results showed that inoculation led to increasing of </a>Area, Fv/Fm, N, ψo Po, ψo Eo, and ψo Po/(1- ψo Po) with 57, 1, 7, 2, 25 and 33% by compare to control, respectively. According to the results, it was found that the effects of inoculation, traffic and cover factors were significant at the 1% statistical level on the studied traits. Based on the results of this experiment, it was found that plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi had a higher efficiency of the biochemical reaction of electron transfer compared to the control. Rosemary plants were located in the traffic paths of 0 and 120 <a name="_Hlk148975036">vehicles/h and had a</a> higher efficiency of the biochemical reaction of electron transfer. Plants that were in the path of 3000, 3600, and 4200 vehicles/h were significantly different in terms of the efficiency of the biochemical reaction of electron transfer with the control treatment (without traffic). </div> Chlorophyll a fluorescence, Photosynthesis, Traffic, Pollution Chlorophyll a fluorescence, Photosynthesis, Traffic, Pollution 87 94 http://jispp.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1816-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Zahra Alinejad Zahra Alinejad Alinezhad.zahra1394@gmail.com 0000-0002-2810-2020 No Department of Soil Science, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Department of Soil Science, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Seyed Ali Abtahi Seyed Ali Abtahi seyedaliabtahi@yahoo.com 0000-0001-9397-4610 Yes Department of Soil Science, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Department of Soil Science, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Mojtaba Jafarinia Mojtaba Jafarinia Jafarinia33@gmail.com 0000-0003-4930-5190 No Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Jafar Yasrebi Jafar Yasrebi jyasrebi@gmail.com 0000-0001-8548-7011 No Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran