en Evaluation of three groups of plant growth-promoting extremophilic rhizospheric bacteria on induction of salinity and alkalinity tolerance in GN15 almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) rootstocks تنش شوري Salt Stress پژوهشي Research <div dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">The use of indigenous extremophilic bacteria with plant growth-promoting haloalkaliphilic properties will help to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study focused to investigate the effect of these bacteria to induce salinity resistance in almond rootstocks under soil salinity and alkalinity and compare it with non-stress conditions. The roots of 108 Garnem rootstocks in four different soils (2, 4, 8, and 16 dS m^-1) were inoculated with two bacterial strains and sterilized control from three groups of halophilic, alkaliphilic, and haloalkaliphilic isolated from the rhizosphere of almond&rsquo;s cultivation sites. Plant growth-promoting properties, including tri-indole acetic acid production, phosphate mineral dissolution, and exo-polysaccharide production, were measured for alkaliphilic isolates (213.33, 127.55, and 578.11 mg L^-1), haloalkaliphilic isolates (77.13, 73.99, and 284.54 mg L^-1), and halophilic isolates (15.98, 40.19 and 35.90 mg L^-1, respectively). The inoculated plants with halophilic bacteria were found to better grow compared to other inoculated plants. In addition, these plants accumulated more chlorophyll, sugar, and proline. The root fresh and dry weights were maximum by the haloalkaliphilic bacteria inoculation. The alkaliphilic and halophilic bacteria also caused a higher increase in fresh and dry weights of shoots. As well, root and shoot moisture contents were the highest ones in the 16 and 8 dS m^-1 salinity by haloalkaliphilic inoculation. In general, the application of haloalkaliphilic bacteria was found to have a better effect on root growth and halophilic bacteria in the morphological and physiological properties of almond rootstocks.</span></b><b> </b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Compared with 8 dS m^-1 and other salinity levels, extremophile bacteria had a stronger effect on soil salinity and alkalinity mitigation for almond rootstocks at 16 dS m^-1 salinity.</span></b></span></span></div> <div dir="ltr"></div> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">The use of indigenous extremophilic bacteria with plant growth-promoting haloalkaliphilic properties will help to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study focused to investigate the effect of these bacteria to induce salinity resistance in almond rootstocks under soil salinity and alkalinity and compare it with non-stress conditions. The roots of 108 Garnem rootstocks in four different soils (2, 4, 8, and 16 dS m^-1) were inoculated with two bacterial strains and sterilized control from three groups of halophilic, alkaliphilic, and haloalkaliphilic isolated from the rhizosphere of almond&rsquo;s cultivation sites. Plant growth-promoting properties, including tri-indole acetic acid production, phosphate mineral dissolution, and exo-polysaccharide production, were measured for alkaliphilic isolates (213.33, 127.55, and 578.11 mg L^-1), haloalkaliphilic isolates (77.13, 73.99, and 284.54 mg L^-1), and halophilic isolates (15.98, 40.19 and 35.90 mg L^-1, respectively). The inoculated plants with halophilic bacteria were found to better grow compared to other inoculated plants. In addition, these plants accumulated more chlorophyll, sugar, and proline. The root fresh and dry weights were maximum by the haloalkaliphilic bacteria inoculation. The alkaliphilic and halophilic bacteria also caused a higher increase in fresh and dry weights of shoots. As well, root and shoot moisture contents were the highest ones in the 16 and 8 dS m^-1 salinity by haloalkaliphilic inoculation. In general, the application of haloalkaliphilic bacteria was found to have a better effect on root growth and halophilic bacteria in the morphological and physiological properties of almond rootstocks.</span></b><b> </b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Compared with 8 dS m^-1 and other salinity levels, extremophile bacteria had a stronger effect on soil salinity and alkalinity mitigation for almond rootstocks at 16 dS m^-1 salinity.</span></b></span></span> Exo-polysaccharide, Haloalkaliphilic bacteria, Prolin, Root-to-shoot ratio, Strain, Tri-indole acetic acid Exo-polysaccharide, Haloalkaliphilic bacteria, Prolin, Root-to-shoot ratio, Strain, Tri-indole acetic acid. 1 14 http://jispp.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1453-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mehrnoush Eskandari Torbaghan Mehrnoush Eskandari Torbaghan mehrnoosh.eskandary@gmail.com 0000-0001-8405-5065 Yes Soil and Water Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran Soil and Water Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran Gholam Hossein Khalili Torghabe Gholam Hossein Khalili Torghabe khalili1954@gmail.com No Horticultural Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran Horticultural Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran