en Trichoderma and spermidine improve cadmium tolerance and phytoremediation potential in purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) plant تنش فلزات سنگین Toxic ions stress پژوهشي Research <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;">To better understanding, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of<em> Trichoderma longibrachiatum</em> (TL) and spermidine (SPD) polyamine treatment on cadmium (Cd) tolerance phytoremediation in purslane (<em>Portulaca</em> <em>oleracea</em>) plant and the activity of anti-oxidants enzyme (CAT, APX, POX, SOD), hydrogen peroxide and proline content as well as determination cadmium accumulation in shoots, roots, soil and their ratio to each other, a factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications and three treatments. In the current study, mitigative roles of SPD and TL were assessed in Cd stressed <em>Portulaca</em> <em>oleracea</em> plants. SPD (1, 0.5, and 1 mM) was applied after 20 days of sowing on the branches and leaves of plants inoculated or without TL inoculating in the presence of Cd (0, 30, 60 and 90 mg.kg^-1). Cd stress and coexistence with TL increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and leaf soluble protein in purslane plants. Also, the application of SPD, especially at 0.5 mM, resulted in a higher increase in leaf protein under cadmium stress in inoculated plants. Proline parameter responds differently to TL. SPD application reduced the severity of these changes. The amount of H₂O₂ was significantly reduced in plants when treated by both TL and SPD. Significant differences were observed between 0.5 and 1 mM of SPD in terms of the Cd uptake in the TL inoculated purslane shoots. Inoculated purslane plants treated by either 0.5 or 1 mM of SPD had lower Cd uptake and greater BF. In general, the results showed a synergetic effect between TL fungi and SPD application on improving the Cd phytoremediation in the purslane plant.<span dir="RTL"></span></div> To better understanding, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of<em> Trichoderma longibrachiatum</em> (TL) and spermidine (SPD) polyamine treatment on cadmium (Cd) tolerance phytoremediation in purslane (<em>Portulaca</em> <em>oleracea</em>) plant and the activity of anti-oxidants enzyme (CAT, APX, POX, SOD), hydrogen peroxide and proline content as well as determination cadmium accumulation in shoots, roots, soil and their ratio to each other, a factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications and three treatments. In the current study, mitigative roles of SPD and TL were assessed in Cd stressed <em>Portulaca</em> <em>oleracea</em> plants. SPD (1, 0.5, and 1 mM) was applied after 20 days of sowing on the branches and leaves of plants inoculated or without TL inoculating in the presence of Cd (0, 30, 60 and 90 mg.kg^-1). Cd stress and coexistence with TL increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and leaf soluble protein in purslane plants. Also, the application of SPD, especially at 0.5 mM, resulted in a higher increase in leaf protein under cadmium stress in inoculated plants. Proline parameter responds differently to TL. SPD application reduced the severity of these changes. The amount of H₂O₂ was significantly reduced in plants when treated by both TL and SPD. Significant differences were observed between 0.5 and 1 mM of SPD in terms of the Cd uptake in the TL inoculated purslane shoots. Inoculated purslane plants treated by either 0.5 or 1 mM of SPD had lower Cd uptake and greater BF. In general, the results showed a synergetic effect between TL fungi and SPD application on improving the Cd phytoremediation in the purslane plant. Antioxidant enzymes, Cadmium toxicity, Phytoremediation, Purslane, Spermidine, Trichoderma Antioxidant enzymes, Cadmium toxicity, Phytoremediation, Purslane, Spermidine, Trichoderma 43 54 http://jispp.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1455-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Maryam jenabiyan مریم جنابیان m.jenabiyan@yahoo.com 0000-0001-7363-8150 No Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، شهر ساری Hemmatollah Pirdashti همت اله پیردشتی h.pirdashti@sanru.ac.ir 0000-0002-4018-2756 Yes Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و نابع طبیعی ساری، شهر ساری Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary محمدعلی تاجیک قنبری m.tajick@gmail.com 0000-0001-9360-8696 No Iranian Mycological Society, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم زرعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، شهر ساری Fardin Sadegh Zadeh فردین صادق‌زاده fardin.upm@gmail.com 0000-0001-6174-3463 No Faculty of Soil Sciences, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، شهر ساری