Showing 15 results for Carotenoids
Soolmaz Soleimani, Morteza Yousefzadi, Mitra Arman,
Volume 0, Issue 1 (12-2022)
Abstract
Marine algae are known to contain a wide variety of antioxidant compounds. Natural antioxidants, found in many algae, are important bioactive compounds that play an important role against various diseases and aging processes through protection of cells from oxidative damage. At present, there is a global interest in finding new and safe antioxidants from natural sources. Algae can have a variety of primary and secondary metabolites including biosynthesis, metabolism, accumulation and secretion, including carotenoids, phenolic compounds, phycobilins, sulfated compounds, as well as vitamins. All of these compounds are of great value in the medical, pharmaceutical, nutritional, and cosmetic industries. The purpose of this study is to introduce algae as a valuable rich antioxidant natural resource that can be used in various industries.
Behjat Omrani, Seyfollah Fallah, Mahmoud Reza Taddayon,
Volume 5, Issue 15 (4-2016)
Abstract
Nitrogen and and phosphorus are important components of plant nutrition. However inappropriate use of these nutrients can affect physiological aspects of plant. Therefore, in order to evaluate the response of some physiological parameters in purslane sucuulent plant to plant nutrition, an experiment was conducted as a RCBD with a split plot in time arrangement, which that nine levels of plant nutrition (T0: control (no fertilizer) T1: N-based broiler litter T2: P-based broiler litter T3: N-based cattle manure T4: P-based cattle manure + urea T5: chemical fertilizer equivalent T1 T6: chemical fertilizer equivalent T2 T7: chemical fertilizer equivalent T3 and T8: chemical fertilizer equivalent T4 as a main factor and two levels of harvest date (27 July and 16 August) as sub factor. The results indicated that fertilizer treatments significantly increased chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content compared to the control (no fertilizer). In the first harvest, the T8 treatment (0.33 mg g-1) showed the lowest carotenoids content, In the second harvest, the lowest carotenoids content was obtained in T2 and T7 treatments (0.43 and 0.45 mg g-1, respectively) which that there were no significant difference among T1 and T3 treatments. Dry matter partitioning of leaf: stem in broiler litter treatments (60.3:39.7) was more balanced than cattle manure treatments (63.6:36.4). Nitrate amount of BL and CM treatments was significant lower than the chemical fertilizer treatments. In general, it can be concluded that purslane photosynthesis and production is more affected by broiler litter application than the chemical fertilizer and cattle manure, which that it causes a considerable increase in crop production and health.
Elias Soltani, Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad, S.abdolhamid Angaji, Farzaneh Najafi,
Volume 5, Issue 16 (7-2016)
Abstract
Chickpea is highly sensitive to salt stress. Several compounds are examined to minimize the harmful effects of salt stress. In this research the effect of gibberellic acid (10 and 20 µM) on physiological parameters in two cultivars of Iranian chickpea (Jam and Kaka) under salt stress (80mM NaCl) were studied. The results showed that chlorophylls and protein contents were decreased in plants treated with NaCl. However, the activity of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase increased and catalase activity decreased. In plants treated with GA and NaCl, chlorophylls and protein contents were accelerated and the activity of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were diminished and catalase activity increased. It is concluded that gibberellic acid could alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress in chickpea plants.
Ali Mahrokh, Majid Nabipour, Habib Alah Roshanfekr Dezfuli, Rajab Choukan,
Volume 5, Issue 16 (7-2016)
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine some physiological parameters of maize cultivar KSC 704 affected auxin and cytokinin hormones concentration variations under drought stress condition. The experiment was carried out in three environments separately including non-drought stress environment, drought stress in vegetative stage and drought stress in reproductive stage. Cytokinin hormone in three concentrations (control, 50 and 100 mg/lit) in V8-V10 stage and auxin hormone in three concentrations (control, 10 and 20 mg/lit) in silk emergence stage was laid out as a factorial design based on randomized complete block with three replications in each environment at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj in 2014. Drought stress in reproductive stage decreased chlorophyll a and b respectively %28.13 and %37.93. The use of cytokinine hormone in concentration 50 mg/lit increased %37.73 chlorophyll a and decreased % 16.58 proline amino acid and also auxine hormone in concentration 10 and 20 mg/lit increased %22.78 chlorophyll a and decreased %18.02 proline.
Karimi Bakhtiar, Yavar Vafaee, Chonoor Abdi, Arezoo Golzari,
Volume 5, Issue 16 (7-2016)
Abstract
Deficit Irrigation (DI) is a fundamental solution for efficient water use in irrigated lands under conditions of water scarcity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential for water saving and yield improvements of two greenhouse tomato cultivar (Shaqayeq and Shahrzad) with use of three DI treatment ,50, ,75, and ,100, percent of full irrigation along with surface and subsurface drip irrigation. This study was conducted in research greenhouse of agricultural faculty, university of Kurdistan as factorial design based on randomized complete block with three replications in ,2014,. Result showed that DI regimes could affect fruit diameter, firmness, TSS, pH, acidity, C vitamin content, Carotenoids, leaf area index (LAI), total yield and water use efficiency, significantly. The highest TSS, 5.47, acidity, 0.618, percent C vitamin, 65/4, mg/Fw and Carotenoids, 65/4, mg/Fw were obtained with lowest water supply treatment, 50, percent of full irrigation. Data also showed that, 50, percent water requirement treatment in subsurface drip irrigation resulted in the most efficient use of water which was about, 23.4, and, 11.3, WUE in Shaqayeq and Shahrzad cultivars, respectively. Regarding total yield, the highest value, 29782.7 kg/ha was obtained in Shaqayeq tomato cultivar using, 50, percent use of water requirement and subsurface drip irrigation. In total, it can be concluded that deficient irrigation resulted in reducing vegetative parameters while fruit quality parameters have been improved.
Hakimeh Mansouri, Hakimeh Olomi,
Volume 5, Issue 17 (9-2016)
Abstract
In this investigation, we studied the effect of ethrel and mevinolin on levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids, &alpha-tocopherol and pyruvate and the major cannabinoids (tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol) in Cannabis sativa at vegetative stage. In treated plant with 10 µM ethrel and mevinolin was observed an increase in chlorophyll a and b content compared to control plants. The most content of carotenoid was observed in mevinolin treated plant with 0.1 µM concentration. Ethrel could not increase carotenoid content more than carotenoid content in plant treated with mevinolin. Ethrel and Mevinolin increased &alpha-tocopherol content in comparison to control plant. In synchronic treatment of ethrel and mevinolin the most &alpha-tocopherol content was observed in 0.1 µM concentration of both treatment. Treatment with mevinolin and ethrel did not increase the amount of tetrahydrocannabinoid in cannabis plants. Only mevinolin increased cannabinoid content and usage of ethrel did not increase the amount of cannabinoid rather than plant treated with mevinolin. Special pattern was not observed in pyrovate content change in mevinolin, etherel and combined treatment. Base on our results, enhancement effect of ethrel in enhancement of plastidic terpenoids content in treated plants with mevinolin was visible in chlorophylls and &alpha-tocopherol content.
Mr. Esmaeel Zohraabi, Dr. Mehdi Saidi, Dr. Zahra Tahmasebi,
Volume 7, Issue 23 (5-2018)
Abstract
Today, due to positive effect of nitrogenous fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of agricultural crops, irregular use of fertilizers is increased. In order to evaluate the effects of different sources and quantities of nitrogen fertilizers on some of physiological properties of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.) medicinal plant, an experiment was carried out as a randomized block design with four replications at research farm, department of horticulture, Ilam University during summer 2015. Treatments included different levels of (0, 25, 50 and 100 kg/h) from Urea and Calcium Nitrate fertilizer sources and Amino Acid with four concentrations: 0, 1,2 and 4 g/l. Studies traits were including photosynthetic pigments content (Chlorophyll a &b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) fiber percentage, Carbohydrates content, proteins percentage and essential oil yield of leaves. Results showed that sources and quantities of nitrogen significantly affected all studied parameters. The highest pigments’ content, protein and essential oil yield of leaves obtained from 4 g/l amino acid treatment; the highest leaf fiber from 100 kg/h calcium nitrate and the highest leaf carbohydrate content obtained from control plants and increasing in nitrogen from all three sources led to decrease in carbohydrates content. The research revealed that using different sources and quantities of nitrogen fertilizers (especially amino acids) have positive effects on improvement of physiological traits of fenugreek and application of nitrogen can be advised for increasing quality of the leafy vegetable and medicinal plant.
Jannat Sarmad, Seyyede Masoome Divband, Seyyede Fatemeh Fallah,
Volume 7, Issue 26 (11-2018)
Abstract
Jasmonic acid and its methylated ester (Methyl jasmonate) are widely found in plants, as a natural plant growth regulators. Research results show that the use of exogenous jasmonates, change physiological responses to stress in plants. Chlorid (Cl-) is considered as an essential element in plant growth. A small amount of this substance improves the performance and quality of tobacco leaf, while higher levels of Cl- is have revise effect. In this study, the effect of the Methyl jasmonate (30μm) in the form of spray on the leaves at the early growth stages and the different Cl- concentration (50, 150 and 300 mgL-1) was studied. The experiment was performed with 4 replications, during 2012 crop year at Guilan Tobacco Research Center. Results show, by increasing the Cl- concentration to 300 mgL-1, the Cl- content of leaves increased. By increasing the Cl- concentration to 300 mgL-1, the amount of starch significantly increased, Furthermore, were reducted the content of total protein and α-amylase activity of the middle leaves significantly, while there is no change in content of carotenoids and nicotine. External application of Methyl jasmonate will result in significant reduction of starch and Cl- content of leaves especially in 150 and 300 mgL-1 chlorid- concentration, whereas amounts of nicotine, total protein and carotenoids significantly increased. Moreover, there will be no change in the amount of α-amylase activity.
Dr Morteza Zahedi, Mr Mouhamad Alhoshan, Ali-Akbar Ramin, Dr Mohammad Reza Sabsalian,
Volume 8, Issue 32 (10-2019)
Abstract
In this study, the effect of water defecit on the physiological characteristics of ten potato cultivars at vegetative growth stage under greenhouse conditions was investigated at collage of agriculture of Isfahan University of Technology, Iran in 2016. Treatments included two irrigation regimes of 30 and 80% depletion of soil available water. Water stress decreased quantum efficiency of photosystem II, rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, stomatal transpiration, water use efficiency, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and plant dry weight but increased carbon dioxide concentration in the cavity below the hole, chlorophyll a/b ratio, chlorophyll/ carotenoids ratio. Significant difference existed among potato cultivars in terms of most measuered traits. The interaction effects of irrigation regime and cultivar were significant on rate of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide concentration in the cavity below the hole, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a/b ratio, chlorophyll / carotenoids ratio and plant dry weight. Under both irrigation regimes the highest amount of plant dry weight was achived for Marfona and Satina and the lowest weight was obtained for Bourn cultivar. Maximum reduction in plant dry weight under water stress treatment belong to Bourn (77%) and Spirit (76%) and minimum reduction (35%) was obtained in Santa. In this experiment, based on stress torence index (STI), cultivars Agria, Santia, Marfona, Spirit and Sante compared to the other potato cultivars, were more tolerant to water stress that was imposed during vegetative stage of plants
Mr Nasrollah Soori, Dr Davood Bakhshi, Dr Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad, دکتر Mohammad Faizian,
Volume 8, Issue 32 (10-2019)
Abstract
Water and soil salinity are one of the most important restrictions on the growth and production of fruit trees. Control of this phenomenon can be one of the factors to managing the production and guarantee the production sustainability and optimal use of land and water. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of salinity stress on the physiological and biochemical properties of some Iranian commercial pomegranate cultivars and identification of salinity tolerant cultivars, a greenhouse research conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture of Lorestan University in 2015. The Factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with five levels of salinity (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl) and six pomegranate cultivars include Malas Dane Ghermez Esfahan, Malas Yazdi, Shirin Shahvar, Meykhosh Yazd, Malas Saveh and Malas Yousofkhani and with three replications. After three months of applying salt stress, some physiological and biochemical properties of the plants were examined and measured. The results showed that in control treatment, compared to 100 mM NaCl treatment with increasing salinity, chlorophyll a (42%), chlorophyll b (40%), total chlorophyll (42%) and total carotenoids (65%) decreased significantly and Electrolyte leakage rate (27%), malondialdehyde (94%), and peroxidase (506%), catalase (478%), and ascorbate peroxidase (366%) enzymes increased. In addition, comparison of data meanings showed that there was a significant difference between cultivars in measured factors. The results showed that, in salt stress conditions, Malas Yousofkhani cultivar was superior to salinity tolerance in most traits, and this genotype was more tolerant to salinity than other evaluated cultivars.
Dr Mansoore Shamili, Miss Sedigheh Dehghanpour, Miss Sara Atrash,
Volume 9, Issue 37 (8-2020)
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the main restrictions in plant production in arid and semi-arid regions. Adding superabsorbent agents that maintain water in the soil, is among strategies to cope with drought stress. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of zeolite superabsorbent on the physiological properties of carrot plants, the experiment was carried out as a factorial in a completely randomized blocks design. The factors were zeolite (0, 2.5 and 5% of soil) and irrigation regime (25, 50, 75 and 100% of the field capacity). The results indicated that the highest total phenol was related to 2.5% zeolite treatment with 75% of field capacity irrigation. The highest amounts of carotenoids, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and carbohydrate were belonged to 5% zeolite treatment with 25% of field capacity irrigation. The highest levels of chlorophyll b and anthocyanin were related to 5% zeolite treatment with 75 and 50% of filed capacity, respectively. In conclusion, the application of zeolite in combination with soil, maintained the plant moisture in drought stress conditions and, under 25 and 50% of field capacity the application of 5 % zeolite, improved the physiological capacity of carrots.
Kobra Mahdavian,
Volume 9, Issue 40 (3-2021)
Abstract
Chromium-VI would impose detrimental effects morphological, physiological, and metabolic in plants. This study aimed to research the impact of citric acid (0, 2.5 and 5 mM), on different the morphological and physiological characteristics of garden cress exposed to chromium-VI stress (0, 1, and 10 mM). Results showed that some growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and DPPH activity decreased under chromium, while anthocyanine increased. Also, results showed that the use of citric acid improved the parameters affected by chromium so that the addition of citric acid (2.5, and 5 mM) with chromium (10 mM) significantly enhanced some growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoids while a similar increase was observed in the combination of 1 mM chromium and 2.5 mM citric acid, 5 mM citric acid in combination with 1 mM chromium reduced some growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoids. The addition of 2.5 and 5 mM citric acid along with chromium 1 and 10 mM significantly decreased anthocyanin content, as compared to chromium alone. Besides, our results showed that citric acid 2.5 and 5 mM alleviated this adverse effect of chromium 1 and 10 mM on DPPH activity. The results also showed that at high chromium concentrations in the soil, the rate of accumulation of this metal in the shoot parts is declining. This means that the transfer from the root to the shoot will increase under the affection of citric acid at high chromium concentrations but in low concentrations of chromium, citric acid reduced the concentration of chromium in the shoot parts considering the chromium uptake and translocation factor results, garden cress in low chromium concentrations, it is suitable for phytoremediation, but in high chromium concentrations, it is not recommended for phytoremediation. Hence, the citric acid played this role through the regulation of the antioxidant system to diminish the toxicity of chromium-VI.Chromium-VI would impose detrimental effects morphological, physiological, and metabolic in plants. This study aimed to research the impact of citric acid (0, 2.5 and 5 mM), on different the morphological and physiological characteristics of garden cress exposed to chromium-VI stress (0, 1, and 10 mM). Results showed that some growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and DPPH activity decreased under chromium, while anthocyanine increased. Also, results showed that the use of citric acid improved the parameters affected by chromium so that the addition of citric acid (2.5, and 5 mM) with chromium (10 mM) significantly enhanced some growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoids while a similar increase was observed in the combination of 1 mM chromium and 2.5 mM citric acid, 5 mM citric acid in combination with 1 mM chromium reduced some growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoids. The addition of 2.5 and 5 mM citric acid along with chromium 1 and 10 mM significantly decreased anthocyanin content, as compared to chromium alone. Besides, our results showed that citric acid 2.5 and 5 mM alleviated this adverse effect of chromium 1 and 10 mM on DPPH activity. The results also showed that at high chromium concentrations in the soil, the rate of accumulation of this metal in the shoot parts is declining. This means that the transfer from the root to the shoot will increase under the affection of citric acid at high chromium concentrations but in low concentrations of chromium, citric acid reduced the concentration of chromium in the shoot parts considering the chromium uptake and translocation factor results, garden cress in low chromium concentrations, it is suitable for phytoremediation, but in high chromium concentrations, it is not recommended for phytoremediation. Hence, the citric acid played this role through the regulation of the antioxidant system to diminish the toxicity of chromium-VI.Chromium-VI would impose detrimental effects morphological, physiological, and metabolic in plants. This study aimed to research the impact of citric acid (0, 2.5 and 5 mM), on different the morphological and physiological characteristics of garden cress exposed to chromium-VI stress (0, 1, and 10 mM). Results showed that some growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and DPPH activity decreased under chromium, while anthocyanine increased. Also, results showed that the use of citric acid improved the parameters affected by chromium so that the addition of citric acid (2.5, and 5 mM) with chromium (10 mM) significantly enhanced some growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoids while a similar increase was observed in the combination of 1 mM chromium and 2.5 mM citric acid, 5 mM citric acid in combination with 1 mM chromium reduced some growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoids. The addition of 2.5 and 5 mM citric acid along with chromium 1 and 10 mM significantly decreased anthocyanin content, as compared to chromium alone. Besides, our results showed that citric acid 2.5 and 5 mM alleviated this adverse effect of chromium 1 and 10 mM on DPPH activity. The results also showed that at high chromium concentrations in the soil, the rate of accumulation of this metal in the shoot parts is declining. This means that the transfer from the root to the shoot will increase under the affection of citric acid at high chromium concentrations but in low concentrations of chromium, citric acid reduced the concentration of chromium in the shoot parts considering the chromium uptake and translocation factor results, garden cress in low chromium concentrations, it is suitable for phytoremediation, but in high chromium concentrations, it is not recommended for phytoremediation. Hence, the citric acid played this role through the regulation of the antioxidant system to diminish the toxicity of chromium-VI.
Seyed Jaber Hosseini, Zeinolabedin Tahmasebi-Sarvestani, Hematolahe Pirdashti, Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavi, Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, Saeid Hazrati, Mahsa Rafati Alashti,
Volume 12, Issue 57 (12-2023)
Abstract
Obtaining a high dry matter yield is one of the most important goals of plant physiologists. In this regard, it is necessary to know the effective traits in the production of plant dry matter. Salinity stress is also one of the most important non-biological stresses that limits plant growth and affects the morphological, physiological and biochemical properties of plants. Therefore, in order to understand the relationship between dry matter yield and antioxidant properties, photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pigments of mint under salinity stress, an experiment was conducted as a factorial split-plot (18 mint ecotypes, including longifolia, pulegium, spicata, rotundifolia, mozafariani and piperita, salinity stress at control, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 dS/m levels and harvest stage at 2 stages), based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results showed that salinity stress affected the correlation between dry matter and other studied traits. Also, path analysis at different levels of salinity stress showed that total chlorophyll traits had a very high direct effect on dry matter yield. On the other hand, at a 7.5 dS/m salinity level, the dry matter yield of the plant depended on a greater number of traits compared to lower-salinity stress levels. Also, the correlation between traits in the first and second harvest stages was different. The anthocyanin pigment trait had a positive and significant correlation with dry matter yield at 7.5 dS/m. The indirect role of carotenoid pigment was also evident in severe stress. Based on path analysis, all the studied traits, including non-enzymatic antioxidants and anthocyanin and carotenoid pigments, were strongly dependent on the total chlorophyll trait to affect the dry matter yield.
Arezoo Khani, Taher Barzegar, Jaefar Nikbakht,
Volume 13, Issue 59 (4-2024)
Abstract
Nowadays, due to climate change and a decrease in rainfall, the production of agricultural products in many regions, especially arid and semi-arid regions, has faced problems. For this purpose, to study the effect of potassium silicate (Si) and L-cysteine (Cys) foliar spray on water use efficiency, fruit yield and quality of Physalis (Physalis peruviana L.) under water deficit conditions, a split-plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in the Research field of the University of Zanjan during 2022. Experimental treatments consisted of three different irrigation levels (50, 75 and 100% ETc) as the main plot and a foliar spray of potassium silicate (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1) and L-cysteine amino (0, 20 and 40 mg L-1) as a subplot. The results showed that water deficit stress increased total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and protein contents, and decreased vitamin C content, fruit number and yield. Application of Si, especially at 1000 and 1500 mg l-1 and Cys improved carotenoids, TSS, TA, vitamin C and fruit protein contents, and fruit yield under irrigation 100 ETc% and water deficit stress conditions. The highest fruit yield was obtained with the application of 20 and 40 mg L-1 Cys under irrigation of 100 and 75 ETc%. Also, the highest value of WUE was observed in plants treated with 20 and 40 mg L-1 Cys under deficit irrigation of 75 ETc% and 1000 mg L-1 Si under deficit irrigation of 50 ETc%, respectively. Therefore, the application of 1000 mg L-1 of potassium silicate and 40 mg L-1 of cysteine is suggested to increase the quality and yield of the physalis under the irrigation 100 Etc% and water deficit stress conditions.
Zahra Mottaki, Ghader Habibi, Abbas Gholipour, Tahmineh Lohrasebi,
Volume 13, Issue 61 (7-2024)
Abstract
The main focus of the present study was to better understand the effects of altitudinal gradient factors on the photochemical processes as reflected in changes in fast chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics and related biophysical parameters in low and high-elevation ecotypes of Dracocephalum kotschyi and Nepeta crassifolia (located in Mazandaran, adjacent Central Alborz mountain range, central-northern part of Iran). In both Dracocephalum kotschyi and Nepeta crassifolia, high-altitude plants exhibited higher fluorescence parameters as compared to low-altitude plants, which was coupled with higher levels of carotenoids, suggesting proper functioning of PSII. Increased photochemical activity in high-altitude plants was achieved by increased levels of the activity of the oxygen-evolving complex (Fv/Fo), the performance index (PIabs) and the quantum yield for electron transport (φEo). In addition, a clear increase in the relative amplitude of the IP (Fm) phase from the OJIP curve was observed in high-altitude plants as compared to low-altitude plants. These results indicated a significant variation in the performance of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameter, between low- and high-altitude plants, which is apparently due to eco-physiological differences in relation to their altitudinal distributions. Summarizing, high-altitude plants have developed a series of mechanisms with respect to photosynthetic apparatus efficiency to protect themselves from adverse environmental threats.
