Raheleh Gorzi, Francios Bernard, Mohammadreza Ghalamboran,
Volume 12, Issue 53 (5-2023)
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) belong to the Asteraceae family. It contains flavonoids such as contains kinocalcone pigments and these compounds shown to exhibit medicinal properties. These pigments are abundantly found in flower of this plant, but it has been seen that the roots of this plant have been able to produce these pigments in vitro. One of the ways to increase the production of secondary metabolites in tissue culture is to use different elicitors. In this study, jujube fruit extract and salicylic acid were used as an elicitor. Grown roots were first cultured in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for mass production, in static condition. The roots were then sub-cultured with jujube fruit extract (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1%) and salicylic acid (0, 500 μm). After 20 days of culture the growth was determined and the yellow pigments of root and medium were measured by spectrophotometer and the results showed that jujube fruit extract have protected root tissues against lipid peroxidation and this fact have triggered their growth. In this condition there was an increase in yellow pigments but these pigments were not released in the culture medium. Conversely, the SA treatment that further increases the production of pigments affected the integrity of cell membranes which lead to a fall of growth and a release of pigments in the culture medium.
Ali Ahmadi Pozveh, Majid Talebi, Badraldin Ebrahim Sayed Tabatabaei,
Volume 12, Issue 56 (11-2023)
Abstract
Hairy root induction and production in Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. was investigated as an environmental and tissue culture technique for producing secondary metabolites. For this purpose, an in vitro experiment was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The best strain of Agrobacterium rhizogenes among MSU, A7 and A4-N strains from four-week-old leaves of D. kotschyi and the best age of leaves for inoculation with A. rhizogenes from two, three and four-week-old seedlings were chosen. In order to induce hairy roots, the most appropriate culture medium in the co-cultivation and post-co-cultivation phases was selected among the MS and MS culture media without macro elements (NH4NO3, KNO3, CaCl2, and KH2PO4) and the MS and MS culture media containing L-glutamine (0.1 g/L), respectively. The highest percent transgenic hairy root was observed in the MSU strain (90%), four-week old leaf explants of D. kotschyi seedlings (82.28%) and MS medium without macro elements in the co-cultivation stage, and MS medium containing L-glutamine in the post-co-cultivation stage (75.78%). PCR analysis also verified the transgenic nature of the hairy roots using rolC, aux1 and virD specific primers. The results showed that hairy root production in D. kotschyi depended on the type of A. rhizogenes strain, the age of the explant, and the MS medium. Nevertheless, the length of the produced hairy root in D. kotschyi did not depend on the type of A. rhizogenes strain and the age of the explant. The results of this study can be used in the production of medicinal compounds from this plant, such as rosmarie acid, through the optimized hairy root technique.
