Showing 17 results for Hasan
Hasan Mosapour Yahyaabadi, Mohammad Reza Asgharipour,
Volume 5, Issue 16 (Vol. 5, No. 16, year 2016 2016)
Abstract
Drought stress stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chloroplasts. ROS laed to lipid peroxidation and damage to the cell membrane. In the current study, the effect of different concentrations of silicon were examined on oxidative stress caused by drought in fennel plant. The experimental design was a split plot based on RCBD with three replications in which irrigation regimes includingirrigation at 100%, 70% and 40% of field capacity were assigned as main plots and five levels of silicon foliar sprays (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mM) were allocated to sub plots. The experiment was conducted in 2009 at the Zabol University research farm, Zabol, Iran. The results showed that drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, leaf relative water content and catalase activity. In drought conditions, malondialdehyde levels and electrolyte leakage showed a 2 -fold increase over the control. Silicon treatment (7.5 mM) accompanied by drought, increased the activity of peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase, proline and soluble sugars by 18, 25, 14 and 28%, respectively and decreased malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage by 30 and 28%, respectively over the control, suggesting that silicon spraying (5 and 7.5 mM) could increase the ability of plants in response to drought stress by strengthening the antioxidant system of the plant and increasing osmolytes, and have protective effect against lipid peroxidation, induced by stress.
Mohammadreza Moraditelavat, Khalil Alamisaeed, Aziz Karmollachaab, Hadis Hasanvand,
Volume 6, Issue 19 (vol.6,no. 19, Year 2017 2018)
Abstract
A factorial experiment in hydroponic conditions was conducted to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, membrane stability and Na concentration in seedling of some rice cultivars, in 2014 summer in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Experimental factors were included salinity levels of NaCl (0, 4 and 8 ds.m-1) and rice cultivars (Amol3, Daniel, Shafagh, Fajr and Red Anboori). Some attributes including, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, peroxidase, electrolyte leakage, Na concentration and shoot dry weight were measured. The result showed that salinity levels significantly decreased shoot dry weight and increased antioxidant enzymes, membrane peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and Na concentration. Rice cultivars responded differently to salinity levels. Red Anboori and Amol3 Cultivars had the highest antioxidants and the lowest lipid peroxidation. These two cultivars in control condition had lowest shoot dry weight (5.15 and 5.51 g.plant-1). However, these cultivars had no significant difference with other cultivars in 8 dS.m-1 salinity condition. On the other, Danyal and Fajr cultivars were obtained greatest reduction in shoot dry weight under severe stress (51.9 and 49.4 percent respectively). So Red Anbory and Amol 3 cultivars by increasing enzymatic defense system and reduce damage to cell membranes as tolerant cultivars at the seedling stage compared to another cultivars will be introduced.
Hashem Kazemzadeh0beneh, Nasser Mahna, Mitra Keramati, Ebrahim Safari, Rahim Naghshiband Hasani,
Volume 6, Issue 21 (vol 6, no. 21 2017)
Abstract
The red-fleshed apples are from varieties of apples confer the competence and high ability in vitro to produce anthocyanins in their organs. Several factors affect the in vitro production of anthocyanins in plant tissue culture and to produce high, the optimizing of these factors are very necessary. Light is one of the most important factors that many studies have been done in this area but the laser irradiation effects has not been investigated. We have studied the effect of combine lasers treatment of He-Ne with diode on in vitro production anthocyanin and cellular growth of cell suspension of red-fleshed apple. This experiment with 18 combinations treatments (blue laser at the intensities of 67.09, 32.74, 30.4 and 13.73 mW/cm2 and a red laser at the intensities of 6.46, 4.82, 1.54 and 0.666 mW/cm2 and two controls including darkness and fluorescent light) as a factorial design based on CRD with three replications for each treatment were applied.With increasing of combination lasers radiation intensity, production rates monomeric total anthocyanins (TMA) and total anthocyanins (TA) increased but lead to was reduced the cell growth. Results of this work showed that probably high intensity of combination lasers radiation treatments as a stress factor made decreased cell growth and induced high concentration of anthocyanins in the cell exposed to stress and good for decreasing injures proceed from stress and also lead to persevered cell of red-fleshed apple through high concentration accumulation of anthocyanin in vacuole.
Hamideh Khalaj, Tahereh Hasan Abadi, Maryam Delfani,
Volume 8, Issue 33 (vol. 8, no. 33, 2020 2019)
Abstract
هIn order to investigate the effects of dual phosphorus and Azospirilum solubilizing bacteria on hormonal condition and barley grain yield under different levels of nitrogen, an experiment was conducted in Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University of Karaj, in 2014. The experiment was carried out as a factorial split- plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included the main factor of the nitrogen fertilizer in four levels (0, 50, 75 and 100%, equivalent to zero, 150, 225 and 300 kg per Hectares respectively) and sub factors including Azospirilum lipophorm bacteria in two levels (application and non-application of bacteria) and also Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterium in two levels (application and non-application of bacteria). The results showed that application of 75% nitrogen and A. lipophorum and the application of the main treatment of P. fluorescens produced the highest amount of auxin hormone. The interactions of urea and A. lipophorum and the dual interactions of A. lipophorum and P. fluorescens produced the highest levels of cytokinin hormone. The levels of hormones showed in the triple treatments of 100% nitrogen, A. lipophorum and P. fluorescens bacteria compared to the control treatment (not treatments) had 261.1% difference. The highest grain yield was observed in p. fluorescens (4700 kg ha-1) treatment and using 100% application of urea and A. lipophorum (5500 kg ha-1). As a result, the application of nitrogen fertilizer and the use of both types of biological fertilizers led to an increase in the production of hormones that ultimately increased root growth, ultimately, increased water absorption and nutrients from the soil and increased grain yield.
Roghayeh Hasanpour, Faezeh Zaefarian, Mohammad Rezvani, Bahi Jalili,
Volume 8, Issue 33 (vol. 8, no. 33, 2020 2019)
Abstract
Lead and Cadmium are toxic and common pollutants of the soil that affect plant processes, functions and sustainable production of plants. In this research, the effect of Lead and Cadmium stress on some growth parameters of water mint aromatic plant (Mentha aquatica L.) in two separate completely randomized design experiments at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University was studied. Experimental treatments were different concentrations of Lead (0, 125, 250, 375 and 500 mg/kg) and Cadmium (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg). Plant height, number of leaf, leaf area, greenness index, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll (a+b), chlorophyll ratio (a/b) and fresh and dry weight of shoot were measured. Lead and Cadmium stress reduced plant traits except chlorophyll ratio in treatment of Lead. The minimum amount of plant traits was related to the highest concentration of lead and cadmium. The reduction of chlorophyll b was heigher than chlorophyll a with increase in level of lead, which increased chlorophyll ratio in the lead stress. Lead and Cadmium with influence on morphological traits can lead to a series of physiological changes in water mint that reduced fresh and dry weight of shoots. The results gained from the experiments showed that due to the lack of blight, chlorosis and abscission of leaves, water mint can be considered as a resistant plant to Lead and Cadmium.
Eng Mahdi Sahib Hasan, Dr Yahya Selahvarzi, Dr Jafar Nabati, Dr Majid Aziz,
Volume 9, Issue 36 (vol. 9, no. 36 2020)
Abstract
The use of plant interconnectedness with mycorrhizal fungi and growth promoting bacteria is one of the ways to reduce drought stress that has recently been used in agriculture. A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with four replications was designed and conducted in winter and spring of 1396-1396 in research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Experimental treatments consisted of 2 levels of drought stress (100 and 50% Field Capacity) and 8 levels of bio fertilizer (Pseudomonas fluorescens (Ps), Azotobactore chroococcum (Az), mycorrhiza fungi (M), Ps + M, Az + M, Ps + Az, Az + Ps + M and control (no bacteria and fungi). The results showed that drought stress (50%FC) in Calendula led to decrease in plant growth, leaf area, flower number, flower diameter, shoot and root dry weight, petal Dry weight and stomata conduction significantly compared to control treatment (100% FC), and also the amount of proline, total carbohydrate and chlorophyll content of the plant increased in drought stress. Application of growth stimulating bacteria in most traits led to improved traits measured in plant under stress and non-stress conditions. The highest leaf area was obtained by application of Azotobactore chroococcum (286.88 mm 2). The highest flower dry weight was in Pseudomonas fluorescence treatment (4.22 g) under 100% FC and after that without significant difference, in treatment of combination mycorrhizal fungus and Pseudomonas fluorescence at 100% FC (3.18 g) was recorded. As a result, the application of Pseudomonas fluorescence in soil alone or in combination with mycorrhizal fungi under drought stress conditions has the ability to improve plant growth and led to increased plant efficiency under drought stress conditions.
Dr Hossein Mozafari, Msc Hasan Salari, Dr Hakimeh Oloomi, Msc Mohammad Moghtader, Msc Mohammad Mohsen Salajegheh,
Volume 9, Issue 36 (vol. 9, no. 36 2020)
Abstract
The toxicity of heavy metals such as copper and nickel induces oxidative stress in tomato cultivars, due to the production of free radicals and damage to the plasma membrane due to toxic amounts of copper and nickel. When the negative effects of oxidative stress exceed the ability of the antioxidant resistance system, the plant decreases its growth and yield. In this research, we tried to study the simultaneous effect of two histidine and malate ligands on growth improvement and oxidative stress reduction in two new tomato cultivars including Cal J N3 and Earlyurbana under simultaneous stresses of copper and nickel in standard hydroponic conditions. 9 post-optimization treatments containing concentrations of 150 and 300 μM of copper and nickel, 300 and 600 μM of histidine and 1 and 2 mM of malate were in the base of Hoagland solution. The treatments were applied to plants cultivated at 50 ml Falcon tube containing Hoagland solution without culture medium in three replications. After treatment, parameters such as morphological growth, total protein content, changes in the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes, H2O2 accumulation, Malon dialdehyde and so on were measured in both cultivars. The results showed that the simultaneous use of 600 μM and 2 mM from histidine and malate ligands had a significant effect on oxidative stress improvement on tomato cultivars under 300 μM of nickel and copper stresses. Thus, by adding ligands in stress conditions, oxidant indices improved in comparison with control, indicating a greater correlation between plasma membrane and reduced absorption and transport of nickel and copper free cations. In addition, Cal j N3 cultivar gave a more significant relative response to growth and oxidation parameters of ligands under stress conditions. Ligands seem to be confronted by the influence of heavy metals on physiological, molecular, enzymatic activity and nutrient substitution, which it is suggested to study the effect of ligands on the molecular level.
Zeinab Khademolhosseini, Zeinab Jafarian, Vahid Rowshan, Gholamhasan Ranjbar,
Volume 10, Issue 41 (vol. 10, no. 41 2021)
Abstract
Thymus vulgaris L. is one of the most widely used medicinal plants in various industries, and its feasibility is very important in saline lands.To investigate the effect of salt stress on medicinal plant garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) A field experiment in a Block complete random design with three replicates was fitted. Salinity treatments used in this experiment were 1, 4 and 7 DS/m which were applied well water with natural salt for agriculture. In order to avoid the impact of the results of research on the type of salts, water with a salinity of 9 to 10 DS/m of agricultural wells, was moved to the farm. Then water with a salinity of 6 DS/m mixed and desired salinity was ready. Measurements of dry weight of stem and leaves, the amount of sodium and potassium elements, Proline and active constituents were done in the stage before flowering. The results showed that with the increase of salinity up to level 4 DS/m; the dry weight of stem and leaves and amount of proline were increased 27.6 and 68.86 percentages respectively. While the increase of salinity up to level 7 DS/m reduces these 49.53 and 22.86 percentages respectively. With an increase in salinity, the amount of sodium increased while potassium and potassium / sodium ratio showed reduced. Salt stress were increased some of the essential ingredients in the herb garden thyme and some others were reduced by salt stress. Such can be concluded in order to irrigate the plant thyme garden with salty water, the best results in terms of product yields and composition of essential oil in 4 DS/m is obtained.
Fereshteh Mohamadhasani, Ali Ahmadimoghadam,
Volume 10, Issue 42 (vol. 10, no. 42 2021)
Abstract
On metal contaminated soils, ectomycorrhizal( ECM) fungi may improve plant growth through an enhanced nutrition or by alleviation toxicity of the metals. In order to evaluation of alleviating effects of ectomycorrhizal colonization on Mn toxicity, a study was performed using pistachio plants and Agaricus bisporus fungus as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experiment included two factors: mycorrhizal (M) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) pistachio plants and five levels of the Mn concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 μm) in 3 replicates. In this study experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of ectomycorrhizal colonization in the alleviation of oxidative stress and improvements of the antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation and metal accumulation in pistachio trees (Fandoghi cultivar).The results showed that the increase of Manganese concentration caused an increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA), and induction in antioxidative enzymes activity in the leaves of the M and NM plants, but it was dramatically more in M plants. A decrease of ascorbate (ASA) content was induced by increasing the zinc concentration where it was higher in M plants but all metal treatments increased dehydroascorbate (DHA) contents in both M and NM plants. The results showed that the Mn translocated from root to shoot in M plants was lower than NM plants. The amelioration of Mn toxicity by A.bisporus may be a result of improving the antioxidant defense system and prevent the absorption of heavy metals.
Kourosh Jalali, Alireza Yavari, Leila Jafari, Mumivand Hasan,
Volume 10, Issue 42 (vol. 10, no. 42 2021)
Abstract
Teucrium polium L. is one of the valuable medicinal plants which belonging to the Lamiaceae family where grows wild from plains and lowlands to mountain heights in throughout Iran. In the present study, 30 plants in full flowering stage were randomly prepared from Jiroft region of Kerman province and divided into three groups of 10 and then flowers, leaves and stems of each group were isolated for testing. Essential oil was extracted from each organ with three replications and in each repetition 200 g of plant material was done by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus and they were analyzed by a combination of GC-FID and GC-MS techniques, to check for chemical variability. The essential oil contents of flower, leaf and stalk were 1.25, 0.93 and 0.14 % (w/w), respectively. The total number of compounds identified and quantified were 59 in flower, 56 in leaf and 61 in stalk. Results of essential oil compound analysis demonstrated that torreyol, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, dl-limonene, elemol and caryophyllene were the major compounds in flower and leaf. However, the major compounds of stalk essential oil were torreyol, elemol, agarospirol, caryophyllene, spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide. Results showed that stalk essential oils of the plant characterized with high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were rich in flower and leaf. The main and common volatile compound identified in the organs of this species was torreyol which was the highest in the essential oil of the stalk and the lowest in the flower. The content of essential oil in the flower was higher than that in the leave and stalk. Chemical variation of the essential oil of T. polium plant parts can be considered by medicinal plants physiologists and breeders and pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries for breeding and processing uses.
Somaiea Fahim, Alireza Ghanbari, Amir Mohamad Naji, Ali Akbar Shokohian, Hasan Maleki Lajayer,
Volume 11, Issue 47 (Vol. 11, No. 47 2023)
Abstract
Lack of rainfall as well as rising temperatures have caused problems in the agricultural crop cultivation in many areas. Grapevine is one of the most important economic products in horticulture. Due to the importance of grapes as important economic products in horticulture, identification and use of resistant cultivars to drought stress is one of the basic steps and the important goals in plant breeding programs. This research was carried out in factorial experiment in randomized complete design with three replications in 2020. Experimental factors included different levels of drought stress and six grapvine cultivars. The results of this study showed that with increasing stress level in 6 grape cultivars, plant growth parameters, RWC, and photosynthetic pigment content decreased significantly (P <0.01), whereas the greatest decrease was observed at the stress level of 25% FC. Also, increasing drought stress levels the EL, MDA, total soluble sugars, proline and antioxidant enzymes content increased in more cultivars, significantly (P <0.01). Increasing drought stress to 25% FC, the highest and lowest leaf area decrease percentage compared to the control were observed in Copake Bogan (68%) and Gharashilig (45%) cultivars, respectively. Among the studied cultivars, the highest and lowest EL content were observed in Aghshilig and Gharashilig cultivars, which had 36% and 32.8%, respectively. The highest proline content was obtained in Gharashilig cultivar (0.14 µmol g-1 FW) and the lowest in Copake Bogan cultivar (0.067 µmol g-1 FW). Also, The highest and lowest catalase enzyme content were obtained in Gharashilig cultivar (3.02 µmol g-1 FW.min) and Copake Bogan (1.41 µmol g-1 FW.min), respectively. The highest peroxidase enzyme content was obtained in Tukilgen (5.86 µmol g-1 FW.min) and the lowest content in Rasmi (1.39 µmol g-1 FW.min) cultivar. Based on the results showed, Aghshiligh and Copake Bogan cultivars were drought-sensitive and Garashiligh cultivars drought-tolerant and the rest are semi-drought sensitive cultivars.
Maryam Jadidi, Hasan Mumivand, Abdollah Ehteshamnya, Alireza Shayganfar,
Volume 11, Issue 48 (vol. 11, no. 48 2022)
Abstract
Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L'Heritier) is an important ornamental plant that is cultivated worldwide due to its valuable medicinal properties. The present research was conducted to evaluate the effect of light intensity and UV radiation on the morphological and physiological characteristics of rose-scented geranium in 2020. The experiment was performed as split plots in a completely randomized design. Light intensity was considered as the first factor at two levels (low light intensity and high light intensity) and ultraviolet radiation at four levels (environmental UV, UV-A, UV-B and UVA+B) as the second factor... The results showed that high light intensity reduced petiole length, leaf length and width as well as plant height of P. graveolens; in contrast, the number of lateral branches and stem diameter were increased by rising light intensity. UV-B and UVA+B reduced plant height, petiole length and leaf length and width; whereas, the number of lateral branches and stem diameter was increased by UVB treatments and UVA+B treatments. Meanwhile, plant produced leaves and branches with elongated shapes when traeted by UVA and environmental UV. In terms of physiological traits, results showed that increasing the light intensity reduced the relative water content of leaf, intercellular CO2 and stomata conductivity. In contrast, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, transpiration, electrolyte leakage, catalase activity and photosynthesis rate were increased by increasing light intensity. Also, UVB and UVA+B treatments led to reduce chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and photosynthesis rate. Under high light intensity, UVB and UVA+B reduced the stomata conductivity. The amount of electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, intercellular CO2 and the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes were increased by UVB and UVA+B radiations. Also, the rate of increase of these traits by UVB and UVA+B was more severe in low light intensity.
Leila Abdi, Hamid Reza Asghari, Majid Tolyat Abolhasani, Mohammad Rea Amerian, Hasan Naghdi Badi,
Volume 11, Issue 48 (vol. 11, no. 48 2022)
Abstract
Drought as the most important problem of agricultural development in Iran is one of the main obstacles in the production of agricultural products. Due to the global approach in the production of medicinal plants is effective in improving the quantity and quality of the substance, today the use of salicylic acid as one of the plant hormones in increasing plant resistance to stresses such as drought has increased. In this study, the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid on the growth and phytochemical characteristics of Thymus daenensis Celak in low irrigation conditions was studied. The experiments were performed as a split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in research field of Jihad University Medicinal Plants Research Institute located in Heljard, Karaj in 2017. The results showed that low irrigation stress significantly reduced plant height, number of lateral branches, yield of flowering branches, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, percentage of essential oil as well as essential oil constituents including thymol, carvacrol, paracetamol and beta-caryophylline. On the other hand, the use of salicylic acid reduced the negative effects of poor irrigation conditions. Also, the highest growth and phytochemical indices were observed in plants treated with salicylic acid.The results showed that salicylic acid by inducing stress tolerance moderated the damage caused by under irrigation stress in thyme and increased the growth rate of stressed plants. The findings of this study can be used to reduce plant damage in low water areas.
Tahereh Jahantigh, Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi, Zohreh Razmara, Dr Parisa Hasanein,
Volume 12, Issue 53 (vol. 12, no. 53 2023)
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important grains and considering the role of nanotechnology in crop production, it is very important to study the effect of nanoparticles on its growth processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of three metallic complex of iron and its Fe3O4 nanoparticles on growth and some physiological parameters of wheat. In this study, treatments included no seed priming (control), priming with different concentrations (100, 200 and 500 ppm) of iron complex and the iron nanoparticles. The structure of iron nanocomplexes were identified and confirmed by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) as well as monocrystalline X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (SC-XRD). The structure of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was also studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (SEM). The total phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the amount of flavonoid was determined by colorimetry. Antioxidant activity was determined by FRAP method. The results showed that the prepared iron oxide nanoparticles had a smaller particle size and a larger specific surface area than the iron nanocomplex. The results showed that all growth and physiological parameters increased significantly under the treatment of all concentrations of iron complex and iron nanoparticles compared to the control. The highest seed germination (94%) was observed at the concentration of 500 ppm iron nanoparticles. Maximum root length (27 cm), stem length (16.3 cm), stem dry weight (1.7 mg), root dry weight (1.2 mg), root dry weight (0.03 g), stem dry weight (0.04 g), root length (29.33 cm) and stem length (29 cm) were observed at a concentration of 500 ppm iron nanoparticles. According to the results of this study, seed priming with iron nanoparticles is suggested as a suitable stimulant for increasing growth and production of phenolic compounds.
Seyyedeh Vida Heydargholizadeh Hasankola, Nadali Bagheri, Nadali Babaeian Jelodar, Seyyed Kamal Kazemitabar,
Volume 12, Issue 57 (vol. 12, no. 57 2023)
Abstract
Drought stress is the limiting factor for rice growth in rice fields. One of the approaches to dealing with the negative effects of stress on crop production is the use of drought-tolerant cultivars. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of drought stress on changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and amino acid accumulation in a number of rice genotypes. In this research, the number of 6 rice genotypes along with the tolerant (Binam) and sensitive (IR64) control cultivars at the seedling stage in the form of a completely random basic design in 3 replications and 4 drought levels (from polyethylene glycol 6000) zero (Yoshida), -0.5, -1 and -1.5 times were investigated in hydroponic culture medium. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference between the examined cultivars and the level of enzyme activity also increased, and genotypes such as Danesh and LP8, which were more tolerant to drought, had a higher level of enzyme activity. The increase in activity in tolerant genotypes has been greater than that in sensitive cultivars. In the analysis of the amino acid profiles of the genotypes introduced above, the activity of glutamic acid, alanine, arginine, leucine and lysine increased significantly with the increase in drought stress. While no significant accumulation of amino acids was observed in the sensitive IR64 genotype under stress. Therefore, it can be concluded that the accumulation of amino acids is closely related to the drought tolerance of tolerant genotypes.
Sahar Pirinejad, Hasan Mumivand, Abdollah Ehtesham Nia, Mohammad Reza Raji,
Volume 13, Issue 60 (vol. 13, no. 60 2024)
Abstract
Over the past few decades, human industrial activities have significantly reduced the blocking effect of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. As a consequence, there has been an increase in the penetration of ultraviolet (UV) radiation to the Earth's surface. This amplified exposure to UV rays poses a serious threat to living organisms, particularly plants. In our study, we investigated the impact of UV-A and UV-B radiation on some morpho-physiological traits as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. UV radiation treatments were applied at three levels: control (no UV radiation), UV-A radiation, and UV-B radiation. The UV radiation was administered using broadband lamps manufactured by Q-Lab in the USA. These 40-watt lamps were employed for a duration of four hours per day. Our findings reveal that exposure to UV-B radiation resulted in a decrease in leaf dry weight, plant height, and the levels of chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll by 29.57%, 13.44%, 17.7%, 33.77%, and 22.51%, respectively, compared to the control. Conversely, UV-B radiation led to an increase in the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as carotenoids, phenols, and total flavonoids. Additionally, the activity of enzymatic antioxidants, including peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes, as well as the levels of proline and malondialdehyde, exhibited significant increases of 23.45%, 37.54%, 41.59%, 82.75%, 412.5%, 100%, 87.5%, and 359.32%, respectively, compared to the control. Regarding UV-A treatment, the levels of chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll decreased. However, there was an increase in the levels of malondialdehyde, proline, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase and peroxidase. Overall, the rosemary plants exposed to UV-B radiation exhibited higher quality in terms of medicinal and biological properties due to the increased presence of UV-absorbing compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids. However, it is worth noting that the yield of the plant decreased under UV-B treatment.
Alhasanayn Jasim Hasan Alnsrawi, Marjan Diyanat, Marzieh Ghanbarijahromi,
Volume 13, Issue 62 (vol. 13, no. 62 2024)
Abstract
Weeds are one of the main obstacles to production in agricultural systems. The type of nutrient source and fertilizer can affect the density and flora of weeds, in addition to affecting the growth of agricultural plants. In order to investigate the effect of fertilizer sources on the zinia flower, a split-plot experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications on a private farm in Razavi Khorasan province (Khalilabad) in 2023. The investigated factors include two levels of weed presence and absence as the main factor in two levels (presence and absence (hand weeding)) and fertilizer treatment as a secondary factor in four levels (control (no use of fertilizer), fertilizer NPK chemical (according to soil test), vermicompost (5 tons per hectare), and animal manure (cattle manure) (10 tons per hectare). The results showed that all investigated traits of the Ahar flower showed a significant decrease in the presence of weeds. In the presence of weeds, the number of flowers in the cattle manure treatment was the highest (11.71). The consumption of all three sources of fertilizer caused a significant increase in density and dry weight of weeds, but the highest density and dry weight were observed (23.30 plants/m2 and 10.99 g/m2, respectively) in the treatment with chemical fertilizer. The chemical fertilizer treatment had the lowest competition index (0.79), which can be attributed to the higher weed biomass in this treatment. The highest competition index (1.37) belonged to cattle manure, which had a significant difference from other treatments. Therefore, it is recommended to use cattle manure in the field of weed infestation.
