1 2322-2727 Iranian Society of Plant Physiology 608 others Foliar Application of Copper and Manganese on Essential Oils and Morpho-Physiological Traits of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) 1 9 2017 6 20 1 7 22 04 2016 20 08 2016 Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), a member of Lamiaceae family, is an important medicinal plant that has many useful properties. Micronutrients are necessary in low dose for the growth and the development of plants. Present research was conducted to study the effects of micronutrients including manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) on morpho-physiological traits and essential oil of lemon balm. Field trials were established in 2015 at Shahrekord (50°56/ E 32°18/ N) South Western Iran. Experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with a factorial layout and three replications. Micronutrients concentrations (Cu and Mn in 0, 150 and 300 ppm) were employed since of planting to beginning of flowering of plants. Of the two micro nutrients, copper was more effective in stimulating the accumulation of Caryophyllene β, Citronellal, Geranial, Geraniol, Geranyl Acetate, Linalool and Neral. At 150 ppm, micro nutrients enhanced the production of citronellal, Chavicol. Although combination of Cu2+and Mn2+ at 300 ppm in some of essential oils like neral, e-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and 14-hydroxy-Z-caryophyllene were more produced than 150 ppm combinations but most of essential oils significantly increased in 150 ppm concentration of micronutrients. Trans-piperitone epoxide was upper extracted in 300 ppm concentration of Mn2+ but in many combination this essential oil was no extracted in little concentration. Geranial, Geraniol, (E-) Caryophyllene, Caryophyllene oxide and Neral were the main components in all treatments.
592 Toxic ions stress Changes in antioxidant systems and biomass in response to selenate in blue-green microalgae Spirulina platensis, Cyanophyta Khademi Saideh c Oraghi Ardebili Narges d c Department of Biology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. d Department of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 1 9 2017 6 20 9 16 31 03 2016 27 07 2016 The effects of selenium (Se) on the growth and antioxidant activity in Spirulina platensis were investigated. S. platensis was grown in zarrouk medium containing three different concentrations of selenate (Na2SeO4) (0 as a control, 5 and 10 mg l-1) for 7 days. Selenate at the concentration of 5 mg l-1was found to improve S. platensis growth. However, selenate was toxic to S. platensis at the concentration of 10 mg l-1. Selenium increased the activity of enzymatic (peroxidase and catalase) and non-enzymatic (carotenoids) antioxidants when Se was applied to the microalgae at low concentration (5 mgl-1). Phenolic compounds were significantly increased in Se-treated samples. The contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoids in Se-treated S. platensis did not significantly change as compared to control. The FTIR analysis clearly indicated that the spectra of cells grown on different Se concentrations did not significantly change as compared to control. In addition, the variety of different compounds such as aromatic, phosphine, alcohols and carboxylic acids were synthesized in all examined treatments. The present results suggest that Se at low concentration has suitable effects on the physiology of S. platensis.  636 biotechnology 1 9 2017 6 20 17 26 27 05 2016 01 10 2016 This study evaluated the induction of hairy roots in Perovskia abrotanoides Karel, a medicinally important member of Lamiaceae family, using different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and various carbon supplies, for the first time. This research established an efficient Agrobacterium mediated transformation system for this plant species through bacterial strains including ATCC15834, TR105 and R1000. Moreover, the article investigated the influence of acetosyringone and carbon sources type on the rooting and root biomass production. The potentiality of hairy root cultures for production of tanshinones was also investigated. Hairy root induction in the nodes of intact seedlings was successful in all tested bacterial strains. According to our results, the highest frequency of transformation belonged to the nodes infected with ATCC15834 (47.33%). The strain R1000 was more effective than TR105 in hairy root induction. Transformation frequency increased up to 60.99% by the addition of 100 µM acetosyringone. The highest root dry and fresh weight per 50 mL of the nutrient medium, (0.149 and 1.996 g, respectively) and root length (34.45 cm) obtained by the strain ATCC15834 in the medium containing 3% sucrose. However, the strain R1000 induced the maximum of the lateral root density of hairy roots (7.1 branches cm-1) in the medium containing 3% glucose. PCR analysis using rolC specific primer with amplicon of 612 bp confirmed the transgenic nature of hairy roots. According to the HPLC analysis, cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA contents in the hairy roots induced by strain TR105 (clone T7) were 53.17±0.26 and 14.48±0.30 µg g-1 DW, respectively. 578 Droughts Stress Physiological responses of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to foliar application of boron and zinc under drought stress conditions Movahhedi Dehnavi Mohsen k misagh Marzieh l Yadavi Alireza m Merajipoor Mitra n k Yasouj University l Yasouj University m Yasouj University n Yasouj University 1 9 2017 6 20 27 36 05 03 2016 14 12 2016 Micronutriens deficiency is prevalent in case of drought stress conditions, so complementary boron and zinc nutrition are important for crops to overcome drought stress. This study evaluated the effect of zinc and boron foliar application on physiological traits of sesame under different irrigation levels. The experiment was conducted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Fars Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources in 2013. The main factor included three irrigation levels (irrigation after 75, 110 and 145 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan) and sub-factor included foliar spraying water, zinc sulphate, boric acid and application of the mixture of zinc sulphate with boric acid. Results showed that proline content of leaf significantly increased by foliar application of boric acid in 75 mm evaporation treatment and by boric acid and mixture of zinc sulphate and boric acid in 110 and 145 mm evaporation treatments. Maximum Glycinebetaine was acquired by foliar zinc sulphate application in all three irrigation levels. Foliar application of zinc sulphate and boric acid helped to obtain the highest leaf relative water content compared to control. Maximum seed zinc content in 75 mm evaporation treatment was obtained from zinc sulphate and the mixture of zinc sulphate with boric acid application. Generally, results showed that foliar application of zinc sulphate and boric acid improved physiological traits of sesame, especially under drought stress so the plant can tolerate the impact of drought stress better. 550 Droughts Stress Comparing the effects of polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress and paclobutrazol on six cultivars of Medicago sativa Rajabpoor Shakiba o Hajihashemi Shokoofeh p o Payame Noor University p Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology 1 9 2017 6 20 37 48 01 02 2016 20 07 2016 This investigation was carried out with the aim of determining the effect of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG; 0, 3%, 6% and 9% w/v) treatment on six cultivars of Medicago sativa. PEG treatment significantly decreased the germination index in cultivars of Isfahani, Hamedani, Bami, Baghdadi, Yazdi and Ghare-Medicago, with the highest reduction in Ghare-Medicago and Hamedani cultivars by about 50% and 44%, respectively. PEG treatment significantly decreased germination percentage and germination rate in two cultivars of Ghare-Medicago (22% and 20%, respectively) and Hamedani (28% and 27%, respectively) while increased mean germination time in them. The seedlings height, fresh weight and water content significantly decreased in all PEG-treated cultivars. The highest reduction in mentioned factors was observed in Ghare-Medicago (43%, 24% and 55%, respectively) and Hamedani (57%, 23% and 53%, respectively), while the lowest reduction was observed in Yazdi, by about 28%, 9% and 17%, respectively. Data showed that PEG treatment reduced seedling dry mass only in Ghare-Medicago and Hamedani cultivars by about 16% in both cultivars. PEG treatment significantly decreased the chlorophyll a, b and total, anthocyanins, phenols and α-tocopherol contents of six Medicago cultivars. The results of greenhouse experiments showed that PEG treatments resulted in a significant reduction in fresh weigh, dry weight and water content of all studied cultivars. In conclusion, the findings of both petri dish and greenhouse experiments suggested that Ghare-Medicago and Hamedani cultivars can be considered as drought sensitive cultivars while Yazdi is a drought tolerant cultivar. It should be noticed that Bami and Baghdadi cultivars were also relatively drought tolerant. Also, our study on paclobutrazol (PBZ) treatment showed that PBZ effectively decreased the negative effect of drought stress on growth of all cultivars of Medicago. 468 others Exogenous Nitric oxide (NO) induced oxidative stress and increased production of secondary metabolites in Catharanthus roseus Callus Cells Mahdieh Majid 1 9 2017 6 20 49 56 09 09 2015 01 10 2016 The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of exogenous nitric oxide on cellular response and production of secondary metabolites in Catharanthus roseus callus. The Cell suspension and callus of C. roseus were treated with sodium nitroprusside, then cell viability, morphology, the amount of H2O2, proline, lipid peroxidation, the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase were evaluated. Also production of total antioxidant, alkaloid, flavonoid and phenolic compounds were estimated. A Significant (p<0.05) reduction was observed in viability according to the dose of treatment. Also the amounts fo H2O2, proline, total antioxidant, alkaloid, flavonoid, and total phenolic compounds and the activity of the investigated enzymes significantly increased. Malondialdehyde  level as a lipid peroxidation indicator was significantly increased in response to treatment. In conclusion we may announce that the sodium nitroprusside caused cellular membrane damage due to oxidative stress, but an increase in the production of secondary metabolites was observed too. Exogenous NO treatment might be a useful way to increase production of alkaloids at cellular level. 651 Plant Growth Regulators Effect of Salicylic Acid on Antioxidant Enzyms of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Accelerated Aging Seed Parmoon Ghasem Ebadi Ali Jahanbakhsh Gode kahriz Soodabe Mossavi Seyed Amir Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil 3. University of Tarbiat Modares, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran, Iran. 1 9 2017 6 20 57 64 23 06 2016 20 08 2016 Effects of accelerated aging and seed priming treatments were studied on milk thistle seeds during germination process. Experiment was performed in a factorial based on Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Treatments were Salicylic acid concentrations (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) and accelerated aging for (0, 48, 96 and 144 hours under 45 °C and 95% humidity) with three replications. Our results showed thatsalicylic acid dramatically enhanced seed germination, seed vigor and primary seedling growth. Catalase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity was increased by seed priming. Reduction in germination parameters were observed by increase in accelerated aging durations The highest antioxidant activity, germination percentage and daily germination rate and seed vigour were observed at primed seeds with 1000 ppm Salycilic acid on non-aged seeds. Treatment salicylic acid at a concentration of 1000 ppm has the greatest impact and cause harmful effects healing was aging. 588 Salt Stress Beneficial effects of low selenium levels in Lallemantia iberica plants subjected to salinity stress habibi ghader Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Iran 1 9 2017 6 20 65 70 25 03 2016 14 12 2016 Selenium (Se) at high concentrations can cause toxic effects in plants, whereas at low concentrations it enhances resistance to certain abiotic stresses. The possible mechanisms of the Se-enhanced tolerance of plants to salinity stress remain elusive. In this work, effect of Se supplementation at 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg l-1 sodium selenate was studied in Lallemantia iberica plants subjected to salt stress. In pre-experiment design, The toxicity threshold for selenate was determined at the concentration of 10 mg l-1, as the biomass of L. iberica plants decreased if selenate concentrations in the growth medium reached 10 mg l-1. Thereafter, we used 0.1 mg l-1 Se to mitigate salt stress in L. iberica plants. Se at low concentration (0.1 mg l-1) mitigated salt-induced oxidative stress because of the NaCl-induced lipid peroxidation was smallest in the plants treated with Se, and was highest in the plants grown without Se addition. This occurred as a result of glutathione (GSH) accumulation in Se-supplied plants. Additionally, Se-supplied plants exhibited higher glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity than –Se ones after 2 days salt stress. These data provided the first evidence that the low-level Se pretreatment alleviated salt stress in L. iberica by increasing GSH levels and by decreasing ROS production; and therefore less reduction of biomass production during salt stress.